confound
- (å)ã²ã©ãæ··ä¹±ããããåœæããã
- (å)ïŒäºæ³ãæåŸ ãïŒèŠã
- (å)ããæ··åãã
çºé³ã®ã³ã
ⶠ衚瀺ãã⌠éãã
confound ã¯2é³ç¯ç®ã®ãfoundãã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã³ãã眮ããŸããããã¡ãŠã³ããã®ãã¢ãŠãã¯å£ã倧ããéããŠããçŽ æ©ãããŒããäºéæ¯é³ã§ããæåã®ãconãã¯åãæããŠãã«ããšãã³ãã®äžéã®ãããªææ§ãªé³ïŒã·ã¥ã¯ãŒïŒã«ãããã«ã³ãã¡ãŠã³ãããšã¡ãªããªãã€ããŠçºé³ããŠãã ããã
掻çšåœ¢
- äžåçŸ
- confounds
- é²è¡åœ¢ïŒ-ingïŒ
- confounding
- éå»åœ¢
- confounded
- éå»åè©
- confounded
ã³ã¢ã€ã¡ãŒãž
äºæ³å€ã®åºæ¥äºãè€éãªç¶æ³ã人ãã²ã©ãæ··ä¹±ãããåœæãããããšãã³ã¢ã€ã¡ãŒãžã§ããçè§£ãè¶ ããäºæ ã«çŽé¢ããŠã©ãããŠãããåãããªãç¶æ³ã衚çŸãããæã«äœ¿ããŸãã
confoundã®æå³ã»äŸæ
åè©
ã²ã©ãæ··ä¹±ããããåœæããã
To surprise and confuse someone, often by acting against their expectations.
The sudden policy change confounded the experts.
çªç¶ã®æ¿ç倿Žã¯å°éå®¶ãã¡ãåœæãããŸããã
äºæ³å€ã®åºæ¥äºã人ãé©ãããæ··ä¹±ãããç¶æ³ã§ãã䜿ãããŸãã
The unexpected test results confounded the researchers.
äºæ³å€ã®å®éšçµæã¯ç ç©¶è ãã¡ãæ··ä¹±ãããŸããã
åŠè¡çãªæèã§ãçè§£ã远ãã€ããªãäºæ ã衚ãã®ã«é©ããŠããŸãã
His strange behavior confounds his colleagues.
圌ã®å¥åŠãªè¡åã¯ååãã¡ãå°æãããŠããŸãã
çžæã®æå³ãèªãããã©ã察å¿ããŠãããè¿·ãå Žé¢ã§äœ¿ããŸãã
ïŒäºæ³ãæåŸ ãïŒèŠã
To prove a theory, expectation, or prediction wrong.
The startup managed to confound expectations and succeed.
ãã®ã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããã¯æåŸ ãèŠããæåãåããŸããã
è¯ãæå³ã§äžéã®äœãè©äŸ¡ãäºæ³ãè£åãæã«ãã䜿ãããŸãã
The team confounded the critics by winning the championship.
ãã®ããŒã ã¯åªåããããšã§æ¹è©å®¶ãã¡ãé©ãããŸããã
æ¹å€çãªæèŠãçµæã§é»ããããšãããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãæã¡ãŸãã
She continues to confound everyone's predictions.
圌女ã¯çã®äºæ³ãèŠãç¶ããŠããŸãã
åžžèãäºæž¬ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸããªã人ç©ã®è¡åã衚çŸã§ããŸãã
ããæ··åãã
To mix up two different things so that they are difficult to distinguish.
Do not confound correlation with causation.
çžé¢é¢ä¿ãšå æé¢ä¿ãæ··åããŠã¯ãããŸããã
confound A with B ã§ãA ãš B ãæ··åããããšããå®åå¥ã§ãã
People often confound liberty with license.
人ã ã¯ãã°ãã°èªç±ãšæŸçžŠãæ··åããŸãã
䌌ãŠéãªãæŠå¿µãééã£ãŠåäžèŠããŠããŸãç¶æ³ã衚ããŸãã
We must not confound the symptoms with the disease.
çç¶ãšç æ°ãã®ãã®ãæ··åããŠã¯ãªããŸããã
衚é¢çãªåé¡ãšæ ¹æ¬çãªåå ãåãéããªãããèŠåãã衚çŸã§ãã
èªæº
confound ã¯æ¥é èŸ con-ïŒå ±ã«ïŒãšã©ãã³èªã® fundereïŒæ³šãïŒããæãç«ã£ãŠããŸããè€æ°ã®ãã®ãäžç·ã«æ³šã蟌ãã§æ··ãåãããŠããŸããšããæãç«ã¡ãããç©äºã®åºå¥ãã€ããªããªããæ··ä¹±ãããããšããæå³ã«çºå±ããŸãããåã fundereïŒæ³šãïŒãèªæºã«æã€é¢é£èªã«ã¯ãrefundïŒæãæ»ãïŒããããŸãã
掟çèªã»ãã¡ããªãŒ
confoundã®äœ¿ãæ¹
ãã䜿ãçµã¿åãã
䜿ãåã
confound ã¯äºæ³ãè£åãæ·±ãåœæãããconfuse ã¯é ã®äžãæŽçã§ããçè§£ã§ããªããããbewilder ã¯ç¶æ³ãè€éãããŠéæ¹ã«æ®ããããŸãã
âThe sudden policy change confounded the experts.â
â äºæ³å€ã®åºæ¥äºã«ãã£ãŠé©ããšåœæãäžãããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã§ãã
âThe complicated instructions confused the students.â
â æ å ±ãæŽçã§ãããé ãæ··ä¹±ããŠçè§£ã§ããªããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã§ãã
âHe was bewildered by the noisy city streets.â
â æ å ±éãå€ããããç¶æ³ãè€éããããããŠéæ¹ã«æ®ãããã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ã§ãã
ããããééã
à I confounded him to his brother. â I confounded him with his brother. â ãAãšBãæ··åããã㯠confound A with B ã䜿ããŸããto ã§ã¯ãªã with ã䌎ãã®ãã«ãŒã«ã§ãã
à The instruction was confounding. â The instruction was confusing. â æ¥åžžçãªãåããã«ãããŠæ··ä¹±ãããç¶æ³ã«ã¯ confusing ã䜿ããŸããconfounding ã¯ãã硬ã衚çŸã§ãã
ã³ã©ã
è±ç¥è
confound ã®èªæºã§ããã©ãã³èªã® confundereïŒäžç·ã«æ³šãïŒã¯ãå®ã¯ confuse ãšå šãåãèªæºã§ããæŽå²çã« confound ã®æ¹ãå ã«è±èªã«å ¥ããããšãã confuse ãçãŸããŸãããçŸåšã§ã¯ confuse ãäžè¬çãªæ¥åžžèªãšãªããconfound ã¯ãã匷ãåœæãåŠè¡çãªæå³åããæ®ããŠããŸãã
ãªã¢ã«ãªäœ¿ããæ¹
ãã¥ãŒã¹èšäºã§ã¯ãäºæ³ãèŠãããšããæå³ã§ confound expectations ãšãããã¬ãŒãºãé »ç¹ã«äœ¿ãããŸããããšãã°ãäœè¿·ãäºæ³ãããŠããäŒæ¥ãé廿é«çãåºãããšããªã©ã«ãé©ããšç§°è³ã蟌ããŠçšããããéåžžã«å®çšçãªè¡šçŸã§ãã
æ ç»ã»é³æ¥œã§ã®äœ¿ããæ¹
æ ç»ãããªãŒã»ããã¿ãŒãã·ãªãŒãºã«ã¯ãçžæã®å¿ãæ··ä¹±ããããé¯ä¹±ã®åªæïŒConfundus CharmïŒããç»å ŽããŸãããã㯠confound ãããã£ãé èªã§ãããéæ³ãããããã人ãèªåã®è¡åãç¶æ³ãæ£ããèªèã§ããªããªãæ§åãããŸã衚çŸããŠããŸãã
ã€ãã£ãªã ã»å®åå¥
äºæ³ãæåŸ ãèŠã
âThe team managed to confound expectations.â
ããŸããŸãããã¡ãããã
âConfound it, I lost my keys again.â
ãŸããŸãã²ã©ãæ··ä¹±
âThe new rules only made confusion worse confounded.â
confoundã䜿ã£ãäŒè©±äŸ
éæã®å€æ¹ããªãã£ã¹ã§ååãš
Did you read the latest market report?
Yes, the sudden drop in sales really confounded me.
Me too. It completely confounds our expectations for this quarter.
We need to figure out what caused this issue.
I suspect we are confounding seasonal trends with permanent changes.
That makes sense. Let's analyze the data carefully on Monday.
Agreed. I don't want to confuse the board members at the next meeting.
Right. Have a good weekend and try to relax.
æåçèæ¯
æ¥åžžäŒè©±ã§ãæ··ä¹±ããããšèšããšã㯠confused ã䜿ãã®ãäžè¬çã§ããconfound ã¯ãããã©ãŒãã«ãªé¿ããããããã¥ãŒã¹å ±éãåŠè¡è«æããããã¯æåŠäœåãªã©ã§å¥œãã§äœ¿ãããŸããè±ç±³éã§å€§ããªå·®ã¯ãªããã©ã®å°åã§ãåºã䜿ãããŸãã
ãããã質å
Q. confound ãšã¯ïŒ
äºæ³å€ã®åºæ¥äºãè€éãªç¶æ³ã«ãã£ãŠäººãã²ã©ãæ··ä¹±ãããããåœæããããããããšã§ãããThe sudden change confounded us.ïŒçªç¶ã®å€æŽã«ç§ãã¡ã¯åœæããïŒãã®ããã«äœ¿ããŸãã
Q. confound ãš confuse ã®éãã¯ïŒ
confuse ã¯åã«çè§£ãã§ããé ãæ··ä¹±ããç¶æ ãæãã®ã«å¯Ÿããconfound ã¯ãäºæ³ã«åããŠããŠé©ããã©ãããŠãããåãããªãããšãã匷ãåœæãå«ã¿ãŸãããHis success confounded his rivals.ãã®ããã«äœ¿ããŸãã
Q. confound ã¯ã©ããªæèã§äœ¿ãããŸããïŒ
ãã¥ãŒã¹ãåŠè¡çãªæç« ãªã©ããã硬ãæèã§ããç»å ŽããŸãããThe results confounded the researchers.ïŒãã®çµæã¯ç ç©¶è ãã¡ãåœæãããïŒãã®ããã«ãå°éå®¶ã®äºæž¬ãè£åããããªå Žé¢ã§é »åºããŸãã
Q. ãããšæ··åããããšèšãããæã¯ã©ã䜿ããŸããïŒ
confound A with B ã®åœ¢ã§äœ¿ããŸãããDo not confound liberty with license.ïŒèªç±ãšæŸçžŠãæ··åããŠã¯ãããªãïŒãã®ããã«ã2ã€ã®ç°ãªããã®ãééã£ãŠäžç·ã«æããŠããŸãç¶æ³ã衚ããŸãã
Q. confounding variable ãšã¯ã©ãããæå³ã§ããïŒ
çµ±èšåŠãç ç©¶ã§äœ¿ããããäº€çµ¡å€æ°ãã®ããšã§ãããWe must control for confounding variables.ïŒäº€çµ¡å€æ°ãå¶åŸ¡ããªããã°ãªããªãïŒãã®ããã«ãçµæã«åœ±é¿ãäžããŠåæãè€éã«ããèŠå ãæããŸãã
CHECK QUIZ
Q: è€éãªèª¬ææžãèªãã§ãé ãæ··ä¹±ããããšèšãã®ã«æãèªç¶ãªåè©ã¯ïŒ
Q: ãèªç±ãšèº«åæãæ··åãããã®èªç¶ãªè¡šçŸã¯ïŒ
Q: ãã¥ãŒã¹ã®èŠåºããThe startup confounded expectationsãã®æå³ã¯ïŒ